Person
Andrej Karpathy
Andrej Karpathy is an AI researcher and educator who was a founding member of OpenAI and later directed AI at Tesla, working on the vision systems behind its driver-assistance software. He is known as much for explaining the field as advancing it: his lectures and talks are widely used introductions to how large language models work. In 2025 he coined two terms that spread quickly through the industry — "vibe coding," for prompting an AI assistant and accepting its output without closely reading the code, and "Software 3.0," his framing of natural-language prompting as a new way of writing software. He tends to present these as observations about what has become possible rather than manifestos.
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Andrej Karpathy delivers 'Software in the Era of AI' ('Software 3.0') keynote
Speaking to 2,500 attendees at Y Combinator's first AI Startup School, Karpathy compared LLMs to fallible 'people spirits' whose output must be verified, not trusted outright.
Ideas & essays
Andrej Karpathy coins 'vibe coding' in a viral post
Karpathy described 'giving in to the vibes' while prompting Cursor's Composer tool, at times dictating requests by voice rather than typing or reading the code.
Ideas & essays · Culture & impact
Andrej Karpathy delivers 'Intro to Large Language Models' talk
Karpathy illustrated a model as two files, a parameters file and a short run program, and sketched an 'LLM-OS' coordinating tools, memory and multimodal input.
Ideas & essays
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